Part III
1. Achebe chooses to bring in the European colonial presence only in the last third of the novel to give the reader an understanding of how the African culture was before and during the invasion of the Europeans to show the shift in lifestyles and how it affected these people. With such a complex and developed culture, two-thirds of the book is needed to explain it in order to get in full the drastic changes forced upon them by the Europeans.
2. The changes which occurred in Umoufia over the seven years while Okonkwo was in exile are that the White man's church has spread among the people, and the government of the Europeans was established. The government inculed a judge and courthouse along with officers. Another change which is most noticed by Okonkwo is the spirit of the clan and how it went from once being a war-like, proud, and independent to being "woman-like," allowing the white man to tread on their land and customs.
3. The function the kotma serve in the new society is to uphold the White man's law, and to administer punishment to those who break it. The white-man's law and system of justice is based on European customs and culture which includes a European-based moral stance by a Christian's point-of-view. This includes a judge to examine the crime and decide a punishment, which will be executed. On the other hand, the traditional Umuofian justice system is decided by the village leaders on religous-based and customary standards of law-breaking. Umuofians, for instance, will mutilate corpses, murder twin babies, and make sacrifices to their gods all on religous standards, while the Chrisian ways and white laws go against all of this and punish people accordingly. The same goes vise-versa; the white men will go against customs and religous beliefs of the Africans, while if the African did it, he would be punished by his clansmen.
4. "It is already too late," according to Obierika, to drive the white men from the land because they have already established so much, influenced so many Umuofians, and gained the loyalty and trust of so many that there would be an outburst not only by the white man but many of their fellow clansmen as well. According to Obierika, the white man has been "very clever" by coming peacefully and quietly with his religion, amusing the Umuofians with their foolishness allowing him to stay, and now has won their very own men. Obierika might be considered a transitional figure between the old and new Igbo societies because he believes in his ancestor's ways and follows their customs, yet he allows the white man to come with his new church and change thier ways without a fight.
5. The missionaires Mr. Brown and Mr. Smith are very different. Mr. Brown came peacefully and influenced people without force. He respected the ways of the people of whose land he settled in and got along with them with minor conflict. Mr. Smith on the other hand is forceful and demanding. He expects the upmost Christians in his church and has no care for the ways of the natives. We learn from Akunna and Mr. Brown's religion that the native believes revolve around one god with the help of many others of whom which he created, in contrast to the Christian beliefs of one god who doesn't need the help of any others. Enoch sets off "the great conflict between church and clan" by unmasking one of the spirits during a ritual, and murdering him. The sources of misunderstanding which seem to make the conflicts between the Europeans and the Africans inevitable lie in their beliefs; each culture believes the other to be ignorant and foolish for their ways.
6. Many in Umuofia feel differently from Okonkwo about the white man's "new dispension" because he built a trading store and much money was flowing into Umuofia. Some even felt good about the religion. "Religion and education" go "hand in hand" in strengthening the "white man's medicine" because with the churches built came schools which educated people that were warned of a soon white rule over them where people could read and write. As people went, they began to notice that the white man's medicine was fast-working.
7. The District Commissioner tricks the six leaders of Umuofia into jail by inviting them to a meeting in his courthouse and unvealing a surprise attack where twelve men jump the six leaders and hand cuff them. Okonkwo's reaction is surprised and filled with anger. Okonkwo kills the messenger, I believe, because he is overwhelmed with what these white men have done to his clan, and as the messenger comes to break up the meeting of the village, it angers Okonkwo too far. I believe Okonkwo committed suicide because he foresaw the devastation of his village and couldn't stand to see it happen, and with the punishment he knows is coming to him, he wouldn't be able to do anything to stop it. Okonkwo is isolated in the end because he offended the customs of his religion and no one can handle his corpse. I do consider Okonkwo a tragic hero who didn't get to fulfill his potential in the rescuing of his clan.
8. I believe the District Commissioner would write the paragraph of Okonkwo in his book by explaining it as the fall of troubled soul, trapped by the savage nation and unrescuable. The District Commissioner would definitely see his death as what needed to be done and definitely not something noble. Achebe has made Okonkwo's story the subject of a whole novel because he understands the suffering that these natives of Africa went through, and saw Okonkwo's story as tragic and worthy of being turned into a novel.
9. Things fell apart in the story as reflecting to the native culture. The white Europeans came and forced their ways on these people of Africa, and slowly with more acception and power of the white people, the culture fell apart. The major themes and messages of things fall apart, I believe are the tragedy brought by the crusaders such as the Europeans into changing the ways of others. Another theme is to respect your elders and ancestors, and to have faith in what they followed and taught their new generations.
10. The effects the cross-cultural combination of Western literary forms and Igbo/African creative expression produce is an understanding for the modern Western civilization of the suffering and tragedy of what occurred in Africa. With a Western writing style for a native story, Western minds can better understand the concept of the novel.

Part II

1. Okonkwo has taken his family to his "motherland" Mbanta for committing the crime of accidentally killing a yound man, so as punishment he was banished for eight years. Okonkwo despairs because he established his life there and earned his living off of the land, and had also earned a place of respect among the Umoufians earning himself one of the highest ranks of the village which, with his banishment, went to waste. Uchendu responds to Okonkwo's despair by telling him to get over it because what he is going through isn't as bad as it could be.

2. What had happened to the Abame clan was that the white men had whiped them out. When a white man visited the Abame village, the oracle claimed that more would come along with devastation, and as a result the clan killed the white man. In turn, more came to destroy the village. Uchednu and Okonkwo account differently for the "foolishness" of the Abame because Uchendu believes the Abame were foolish for reacting that way toward the white man which they knew nothing about, and Okonkwo agrees but believes they were even more foolish for not listening to the oracle's warning and arm themselves. Okonkwo's reaction seems wiser in the old ways of living. With death and war being so common, trying to learn more about the white man could have very well destroyed the Abames, so it would have been better to just play it safe and arm themselves just in case. What Uchendu means by "there is no story that is not true" is that with different people come different beliefs and as long as someone believes in something it is true to them even if it doesn't seem that way to another.

3. The first time Obierika visits Okonkwo in exile is to give him the harvest money for his crops and to drop off yams, and the second time Obierika visits is to tell Okonkwo that Nwoye is following the White man and the Christian ways. Nwoye's motives for converting to Christianity lie in her curiosity and the fact she believes the church answers many questions about the Igbo way of life. When the White men arrived along with the Christian church, the people thought of them as fools and laughed at their appearance and beliefs. In an effort to mock these new beliefs, they granted the white man an area in the Evil Forest to build their church. Unexpected by the people of the village, the church was built and the people involved were unharmed. This gave the missionaries their evangelical appearance along with the fact that no harm came to them through the mockery of the African Gods. The sources of misunderstanding between the Igbo and missionaries are with the fact that the Igbo cannot accept new beliefs of ruling under only one God. The Igbo have many Gods for which explain a natural event, and stories to go along with it. The kinds of Africans attracted to the new religion are the outcasts and shameful ones. Also, women with twins who do not wish to leave their infant children in the Evil Forest to perish flock to the church. They like the religion because they are not thought of differently for what they have done and are treated well. Nwoye converts to Christianity because he feels it provides answers to life. When Okonkwo finds out, he beats and chokes Nwoye who flees and never returns.

4. The crises the church in Mbanta had early in its life included incidents of outbursts from church followers in the town about the uselessness and falseness of the Igbo gods, conflicts between the village and church allowing outcasts to join, and a rumor about a church follower killing a python, which is thought of as sacred to the Igbo people. The people of Mbanta are largely content with allowing the new church to remain in the village because they do not believe the church will have a large affect on them, and they believe that those who turn away from their gods will be punished accordingly. The differences between the religion of the Mbanta people and that of the Christian missionaries is mainly the belief in either one god or many gods.

5. The changes expressed by Uchendu and a speech by an elder of the umunna are about the old ways of the people and how things were done; when kinsmen gathered regularly and often, and things were respected greatly. The change is with the younger generations and how they do not follow the old ways as they used to be, and they fear for the younger generation and future of the clan that the old ways will be lost. These changes might prepare the way for the White man's success in imposing his rule in Africa because of the loss of respect for how things were once done, allowing controversy in what is right and wrong leaving the newer and younger generations to believe that what they were raised to believe isn't right. With doubt in their minds, the White man can then come with new beliefs and influence them to follow in their ways.